July 14
July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 170 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France.
- 1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolà establishes a base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
- 1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
- 1789 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.
- 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.
- 1790 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
- 1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
- 1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
- 1853 – Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
- 1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
- 1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 begins in Martinsburg, West Virginia, US, when Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers have their wages cut for the second time in a year.
- 1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
- 1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
- 1902 – The Campanile in St. Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
- 1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from President Taft for this feat.
- 1916 – Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
- 1933 – Gleichschaltung: in Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
- 1943 – In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
- 1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
- 1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
- 1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
- 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: in Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.
- 1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
- 1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
- 1969 – Football War: after Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
- 1969 – The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
- 1987 – Montreal, Canada, is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal Flood of 1987.
- 1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source Operating System Revolution. Linus Torvalds releases his Linux soon afterwards.
- 2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
- 2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
- 2003 – In an effort to discredit U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, who had written an article critical of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Washington Post columnist Robert Novak reveals that Wilson's wife Valerie Plame is a CIA "operative".
Births
- 1454 – Poliziano, Florentine humanist (d. 1494)
- 1602 – Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661)
- 1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English royalist soldier (d. 1657)
- 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
- 1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (d. 1719)
- 1671 – Jacques D'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
- 1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
- 1676 – Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (d. 1763)
- 1696 – William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
- 1721 – John Douglas, Scottish Anglican bishop and man of letters (d. 1807)
- 1743 – Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
- 1755 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general of the Revolution (d. 1796)
- 1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer and journalist (d. 1851)
- 1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
- 1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
- 1829 – Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896)
- 1834 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American painter (d. 1903)
- 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928)
- 1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928)
- 1860 – Owen Wister, American novelist (d. 1938)
- 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
- 1865 – Arthur Capper, American newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1951)
- 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator (d. 1926)
- 1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
- 1874 – Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan (d. 1944)
- 1885 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)
- 1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian writer and essayist (d. 1915)
- 1889 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist leader (d. 1959)
- 1891 – Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and mathematician (d. 1977)
- 1893 – Clarence J. Brown, Newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1965)
- 1893 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, film director and film producer (d. 1979)
- 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936)
- 1898 – Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler, American politician and baseball commissioner (d. 1991)
- 1901 – Gerald Finzi, British composer (d. 1956)
- 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989)
- 1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-born American businessman and inventor (d. 1990)
- 1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983)
- 1910 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
- 1911 – Pavel Prudnikau, Belarusian poet and writer (d. 2000)
- 1911 – Terry-Thomas, British actor (d. 1990)
- 1912 – Northrop Frye, Canadian literary critic (d. 1991)
- 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967)
- 1913 – Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
- 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film and theatre director (d. 2007)
- 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director (d. 2011)
- 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-born French actor (d. 1987)
- 1920 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian politician (d. 2004)
- 1921 – Leon Garfield, English children's author (d. 1996)
- 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1996)
- 1922 – Robin Olds, American World War II and Vietnam War ace fighter pilot (d. 2007)
- 1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, German Nazi concentration camp guard
- 1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor
- 1923 – Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989)
- 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor
- 1927 – John Chancellor, American television commentator (d. 1996)
- 1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
- 1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress
- 1931 – Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer
- 1932 – Roosevelt Grier, American football player and actor
- 1933 – Robert Bourassa, Quebec politician (d. 1996)
- 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, Heir to the House of Stuart
- 1936 – Pema Chödrön, American-born Buddhist nun and author
- 1937 – Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
- 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American social activist and businessman (d. 1994)
- 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech Schlager singer
- 1939 – Sid Haig, American actor
- 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
- 1940 – Susan Howatch, English novelist
- 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American writer and political activist, the creator of Kwanzaa
- 1941 – Andreas Khol, Austrian politician
- 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish politician, Secretary General of NATO and European Union High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
- 1943 – Christopher Priest, English novelist
- 1944 – Billy McCool, American baseball player
- 1946 – Vincent Pastore, American actor
- 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor
- 1947 – Claudia Kennedy, U.S. Army officer
- 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Mauritius politician, 3rd and 6th Prime Minister of Mauritius
- 1948 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
- 1949 – Tommy Mottola, American music executive
- 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003)
- 1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist
- 1952 – Eric Laneuville, American director, actor and producer
- 1952 – Joel Silver, American film producer
- 1952 – Bob Casale ("Bob 2"), American guitarist (Devo)
- 1953 – Martha Coakley, American politician
- 1953 – Bebe Buell, American model
- 1955 – L. Brent Bozell III, American writer and pundit
- 1956 – Julio Chavez, Argentinian actor
- 1956 – Vladimir Kulich, Czech actor
- 1958 – Robert Jensen, American journalist and activist
- 1958 – Joe Keenan, American screenwriter, television producer and novelist
- 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress, comedian and singer
- 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician
- 1960 – Kyle Gass, American guitarist, singer and actor (Tenacious D)
- 1960 – Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer
- 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
- 1962 – Jeff Olson, American percussionist (Trouble)
- 1963 – Phil Rosenthal, American newspaper columnist
- 1966 – Juliet Cesario, American actress
- 1966 – Owen Coyle, Scottish-born Irish football player and manager
- 1966 – Tanya Donelly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Throwing Muses, Belly)
- 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
- 1966 – Ellen Reid, Canadian pianist and vocalist (Crash Test Dummies)
- 1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
- 1967 – Marios Constantinou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
- 1967 – Jeff Jarrett, American professional wrestler
- 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
- 1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player
- 1969 – José Hernández, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1969 – Kazushi Sakuraba, Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler
- 1970 – Nina Siemaszko, American actress
- 1971 – Mark LoMonaco (Bubba Ray Dudley), American professional wrestler
- 1971 – Nick McCabe, British guitarist (The Verve)
- 1971 – Madhu Sapre, Former Indian Model and Miss Universe Contestant
- 1971 – Joey Styles, American wrestling commentator
- 1971 – Marie-Chantal Toupin, Canadian singer
- 1971 – Howard Webb, English football referee
- 1972 – Deborah Mailman, Australian actress
- 1973 – Tani Fuga, Samoan rugby player
- 1973 – Paul Methric, American rapper
- 1973 – Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter
- 1973 – Candela Peña, Spanish actress
- 1973 – Adam Quinn, American bagpipes player
- 1974 – Erick Dampier, American basketball player
- 1974 – David Mitchell, English comedian and actor
- 1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
- 1975 – Jamey Johnson, American country music artist
- 1975 – Taboo, American rapper
- 1976 – Ranj Dhaliwal, Canadian novelist
- 1976 – Geraint Jones, England cricketer
- 1976 – Kirsten Sheridan, Irish film director and screenwriter
- 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
- 1978 – Mattias Ekström, Swedish racing driver
- 1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
- 1979 – Scott Porter, American actor
- 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier
- 1980 – Chad Faust, Canadian actor
- 1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby union player
- 1980 – Jed Madela, Filipino singer
- 1981 – Lee Mead, English actor
- 1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, Russian-born American dancer, So You Think You Can Dance finalist
- 1983 – Wesley Dening, Australian TV personality
- 1984 – Renaldo Balkman, American basketball player
- 1984 – Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer
- 1984 – Erica Blasberg, American golfer (d. 2010)
- 1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian footballer
- 1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
- 1985 – Darrelle Revis, American football player
- 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
- 1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer
- 1989 – Sean Flynn, American actor
Deaths
- 664 – Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (birth year unknown)
- 937 – Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria (birth year unknown)
- 1223 – King Philip II of France (b. 1165)
- 1575 – Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. c. 1505)
- 1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint (b. 1550)
- 1671 – Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (b. 1599)
- 1704 – Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent of Russia (b. 1657)
- 1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
- 1742 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
- 1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
- 1774 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, British field marshal (b. 1682)
- 1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
- 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (b. 1721)
- 1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, French Governor of the Bastille (b. 1740)
- 1790 – Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
- 1809 – Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek Orthodox saint (b. 1749)
- 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750)
- 1817 – Madame de Staël, Swiss writer (b. 1766)
- 1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
- 1834 – Edmond Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
- 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
- 1876 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder (b. 1816)
- 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859)
- 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer resistance leader, 5th President of the South African Republic (b. 1824)
- 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and inventor (b. 1838)
- 1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
- 1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
- 1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American aviator, son of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1897)
- 1924 – Isabella Ford, English socialist, feminist, trade unionist and writer (b. 1855)
- 1925 – Pancho Villa, Filipino boxer (b. 1901)
- 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and decorative artist (b. 1860)
- 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
- 1954 – Jackie Saunders, American silent screen actress (b. 1892)
- 1965 – Adlai Stevenson, United States politician and Presidential candidate (b. 1900)
- 1966 – Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
- 1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
- 1968 – Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, Russian writer (b. 1892)
- 1968 – Ilias Tsirimokos, Greek politician, 164th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
- 1970 – Preston Foster, American stage and film actor (b. 1900)
- 1974 – Carl Spaatz, American Air Force general (b. 1891)
- 1975 – Madan Mohan, Indian film music director (b. 1924)
- 1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American writer (b. 1928)
- 1989 – Frank Bell, British educator (b. 1916)
- 1990 – Walter Sedlmayr, German actor (b. 1926)
- 1993 – Léo Ferré, French singer and songwriter (b. 1916)
- 1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
- 1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, American racing driver (b. 1964)
- 1998 – Richard McDonald, American fast food pioneer (b. 1909)
- 2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American Baptist historian (b. 1920)
- 2000 – René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
- 2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
- 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican politician, 41st, 45th and 49th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
- 2003 – Éva Janikovszky, Hungarian novelist (b. 1926)
- 2003 – François-Albert Angers, French-Canadian economist (b. 1909)
- 2005 – Joe Harnell, American musician, composer and arranger (b. 1924)
- 2005 – Cicely Saunders, English nurse, physician and writer (b. 1918)
- 2007 – John Ferguson, Sr., Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Henki Kolstad, Norwegian actor (b. 1915)
- 2009 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (b. 1934)
- 2010 – Mădălina Manole, Romanian pop recording artist (b. 1967)
- 2010 – Gene Ludwig, American jazz organist (b. 1937)
- 2010 – Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (b. 1925)
Holidays and observances
External links